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      <a href="/2017/05/21/webpack-common-setting/" title="正确的Webpack配置姿势，快速启动各式框架" itemprop="url">正确的Webpack配置姿势，快速启动各式框架</a>
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    <time datetime="2017-05-21T03:20:18.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2017-05-21</time>
    更新日期:<time datetime="2017-07-14T13:03:25.557Z" itemprop="dateModified">2017-07-14</time>
    
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			<strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
		<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Hello-Webpack"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Hello Webpack</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#初始Webpack"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">初始Webpack</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#入口-entry"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">入口(entry)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#出口-output"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">出口(output)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#loader"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">loader</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#插件-plugins"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">插件(plugins)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#解析-resolve"><span class="toc-number">1.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">解析(resolve)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#开发工具-devtool"><span class="toc-number">1.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">开发工具(devtool)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#webpack-dev-server"><span class="toc-number">1.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">webpack-dev-server</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#前端框架与Webpack"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">前端框架与Webpack</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Angular1-Webpack"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Angular1 + Webpack</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#React-Webpack"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">React + Webpack</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Angular2-Typescript-Webpack"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Angular2 + Typescript + Webpack</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
		</div>
		
		<p>本文介绍一些Webpack常用或者有意思的一些配置，教你快速启动各种框架（这里主要是React和Angular）。该篇我们不聊原理，只讲实战。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<p>在去年的这个时候，本骚年还在被Grunt和Gulp以及各种Requirejs、Seajs团团围住攻击，狼狈不堪。后面认识了Webpack之后，基本所有项目框架都拿它来构建了。<br>当然也不包括本骚年负责项目都是纯前端的PC端单页应用的原因，还没遇到什么项目使用Webpack上太难的问题。</p>
<h2 id="Hello-Webpack"><a href="#Hello-Webpack" class="headerlink" title="Hello Webpack"></a>Hello Webpack</h2><hr>
<p>Webpack是一个现代的JavaScript应用程序的模块打包器(module bundler)。其实Webpack不应该拿来跟Grunt/Gulp比较的，但在本骚年这边它就是承担起了很大一部分工作。</p>
<h3 id="初始Webpack"><a href="#初始Webpack" class="headerlink" title="初始Webpack"></a>初始Webpack</h3><p>这里主要基于Webpack2来讲吧，Webpack1迁移到2还是不是特别难的，官方也配了<a href="https://doc.webpack-china.org/guides/migrating/" target="_blank" rel="external">迁移文档</a>。<br>其实<a href="https://doc.webpack-china.org/concepts/" target="_blank" rel="external">官方的文档</a>也有很详细的说明了，对于一般的项目还是可以完全驾驭的。</p>
<p>下面我们先跟随着原始的脚步过一遍概念吧。</p>
<p><strong>四个核心概念：入口(entry)、输出(output)、loader、插件(plugins)。</strong></p>
<h3 id="入口-entry"><a href="#入口-entry" class="headerlink" title="入口(entry)"></a>入口(entry)</h3><p>将您应用程序的入口起点认为是根上下文(contextual root)或app第一个启动文件。<br>一般来说，在Angular中我们将是启动<code>.bootstrap()</code>的文件，在Vue中则是<code>new Vue()</code>的位置，在React中则是<code>ReactDOM.render()</code>或者是<code>React.render()</code>的启动文件。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="built_in">module</span>.exports = &#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">entry</span>: <span class="string">'./path/to/my/entry/file.js'</span></div><div class="line">&#125;;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>同时，<code>entry</code>还可以是个数组，这个时候「文件路径(file path)数组」将创建“多个主入口(multi-main entry)”。</p>
<p>常见的使用方式是我们需要把”babel-polyfill.js”这样的文件也注入进去（如果需要React的话还可以加个”react-hot-loader/patch”进去）：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="built_in">module</span>.exports = &#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">entry</span>: [<span class="string">'babel-polyfill'</span>, <span class="string">'./path/to/my/entry/file.js'</span>]</div><div class="line">&#125;;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="出口-output"><a href="#出口-output" class="headerlink" title="出口(output)"></a>出口(output)</h3><p>output属性描述了如何处理归拢在一起的代码(bundled code)，在哪里打包应用程序。一般需要以下两点：</p>
<ul>
<li>filename: 编译文件的文件名(main.js/bundle.js/index.js等)</li>
<li>path：对应一个绝对路径，此路径是你希望一次性打包的目录</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="built_in">module</span>.exports = &#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">output</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">filename</span>: <span class="string">'bundle.js'</span>,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">path</span>: <span class="string">'/home/proj/public/assets'</span></div><div class="line">  &#125;</div><div class="line">&#125;;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="loader"><a href="#loader" class="headerlink" title="loader"></a>loader</h3><p>webpack把每个文件(.css, .html, .scss, .jpg, etc.) 都作为模块处理。但webpack只理解JavaScript。</p>
<p>如果你看过生成的<code>bundle.js</code>代码就会发现，Webpack将所有的模块打包一起，每个模块添加标记id，通过这样一个id去获取所需模块的代码。<br>而我们的loader的作用，就是把不同的模块和文件转换为这样一个模块，打包进去。</p>
<p><strong>loader支持链式传递。能够对资源使用流水线(pipeline)。loader链式地按照先后顺序进行编译，从后往前，最终需要返回javascript。</strong></p>
<p>不同的应用场景需要不同的loader，这里我简单介绍几个（loader使用前都需要安装，请自行查找依赖安装）：</p>
<p><strong>1. babel-loader</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/" target="_blank" rel="external">官网</a>在此，想要了解的也可以参考<a href="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/01/babel.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Babel 入门教程</a>。<br><code>babel-loader</code>将ES6/ES7语法编译生成ES5，当然有些特性还是需要<code>babel-polyfill</code>支持的（Babel默认只转换新的JavaScript句法，而不转换新的API，如Promise等全局对象）。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 在webpack1里使用loader属性，在webpack2中为rules属性</span></div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">module</span>.exports = &#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">module</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">rules</span>: [</div><div class="line">      &#123;<span class="attr">test</span>: <span class="regexp">/\.(js)$/</span>, <span class="attr">use</span>: <span class="string">'babel-loader'</span>&#125;</div><div class="line">    ]</div><div class="line">  &#125;</div><div class="line">&#125;;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>而对于babel-loader的配置，可以通过<code>options</code>进行，但一般更常使用<code>.babelrc</code>文件进行：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="string">"presets"</span>: [], </div><div class="line">    <span class="string">"plugins"</span>: [] <span class="comment">// 插件</span></div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><code>presets</code>: 设定转码规则</li>
</ul>
<p>有”es2015”, “stage-0/1/2/3”，如果你使用React则还加上”react”，而我一般使用”lastest”装满最新特性。<br>当然这些都需要安装，你选择了对应的转码规则也要安装相应的依赖：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">npm install --save-dev babel-preset-latest</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>2. ts-loader</strong></p>
<p>一看就知道，是个typescript的loader，同样的还有awesome-typescript-loader，关于两者的不同可参考<a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/awesome-typescript-loader" target="_blank" rel="external">作者的话</a>。<br>这里我们使用ts-loader也就足够了：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">test</span>: <span class="regexp">/\.(ts)$/</span>,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">use</span>: [<span class="string">"babel-loader"</span>, <span class="string">"ts-loader"</span>],</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">exclude</span>: <span class="regexp">/node_modules/</span></div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol>
<li>其他loader</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><p>css相关loader</p>
<ul>
<li>css-loader: 处理css文件中的url()</li>
<li>style-loader: 将css插入到页面的style标签</li>
<li>less-loader: less转换为css</li>
<li>postcss-loader(autoprefixer-loader): 自动添加兼容前缀(<code>-webkit-</code>、<code>-moz-</code>等)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>url-loader/file-loader: 修改文件名，放在输出目录下，并返其对应的url</p>
<ul>
<li>url-loader在当文件大小小于限制值时，它可以返回一个Data Url</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>html-loader/raw-loader: 把Html文件输出成字符串</p>
<ul>
<li>html-loader默认处理html中的<code>&lt;img src=&quot;image.png&quot;&gt;</code>为require(“./image.png”)，需要在配置中指定image文件的加载器</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="插件-plugins"><a href="#插件-plugins" class="headerlink" title="插件(plugins)"></a>插件(plugins)</h3><p>loader仅在每个文件的基础上执行转换，<strong>插件目的在于解决loader无法实现的其他事</strong>。<br>由于plugin可以携带参数/选项，需要在wepback配置中，向plugins属性传入<code>new</code>实例。</p>
<p>这里也介绍几个常用的插件：</p>
<p><strong>1. HtmlwebpackPlugin</strong></p>
<p>功能有下：</p>
<ul>
<li>为html文件中引入的外部资源如script、link动态添加每次compile后的hash，防止引用缓存的外部文件问题</li>
<li>可以生成创建html入口文件，比如单页面可以生成一个html文件入口</li>
</ul>
<p>但其实最常使用的，无非是把<code>index.htnm</code>页面插入（因为入口文件为js文件）:</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">new</span> HtmlwebpackPlugin(&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">template</span>: path.resolve(__dirname, <span class="string">'src/index.html'</span>),</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">inject</span>: <span class="string">'body'</span></div><div class="line">&#125;)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>2. CommonsChunkPlugin</strong></p>
<p>提取代码中的公共模块，然后将公共模块打包到一个独立的文件中，以便在其他的入口和模块中使用。</p>
<p>像之前有个项目有远程服务器调试代码的需求[捂脸]，这时候我们需要把依赖单独抽离出来（不然文件太大了）：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">new</span> CommonsChunkPlugin(&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">'vendors'</span>,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">filename</span>: <span class="string">'vendors.js'</span>,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">minChunks</span>: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">module</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> isExternal(<span class="built_in">module</span>);</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">&#125;)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>关于<code>isExternal()</code>函数，用了很简单的方式进行：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">isExternal</span>(<span class="params">module</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> userRequest = <span class="built_in">module</span>.userRequest;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="keyword">typeof</span> userRequest !== <span class="string">'string'</span>) &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> userRequest.indexOf(<span class="string">'node_modules'</span>) &gt;= <span class="number">0</span>; <span class="comment">// 是否位于node_modules里</span></div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>3. webpack.ProvidePlugin</strong></p>
<p>定义标识符，当遇到指定标识符的时候，自动加载模块。像我们常用的jQuery：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">new</span> webpack.ProvidePlugin(&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">jQuery</span>: <span class="string">'jquery'</span>,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">$</span>: <span class="string">'jquery'</span></div><div class="line">&#125;)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>4. ExtractTextPlugin</strong><br>可以将样式从js中抽出，生成单独的<code>.css</code>样式文件（同样因为方便调试[捂脸+1]）。即把所以的css打包合并：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">new</span> ExtractTextPlugin(<span class="string">'style.css'</span>, &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">allChunks</span>: <span class="literal">true</span> <span class="comment">// 提取所有的chunk（默认只提取initial chunk，而上面CommonsChunkPlugin已经把部分抽离了）</span></div><div class="line">&#125;)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="解析-resolve"><a href="#解析-resolve" class="headerlink" title="解析(resolve)"></a>解析(resolve)</h3><p>这些选项能设置模块如何被解析。这里本骚年只讲两个常用的：</p>
<p><strong>1. resolve.extensions</strong></p>
<p>自动解析确定的扩展。默认值为：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">resolve: &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">extensions</span>: [<span class="string">".js"</span>, <span class="string">".json"</span>]</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 当我们需要使用typescript的时候，需要修改：</span></div><div class="line">    extensions: [<span class="string">".js"</span>, <span class="string">".ts"</span>]</div><div class="line">    <span class="comment">// 当我们需要使用React时，还要修改：</span></div><div class="line">    extensions: [<span class="string">'.ts'</span>, <span class="string">'.tsx'</span>, <span class="string">'.js'</span>]</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>2. resolve.alias</strong></p>
<p>创建<code>import</code>或<code>require</code>的别名，来确保模块引入变得更简单。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">resolve: &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">alias</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">shared</span>: path.resolve(__dirname, <span class="string">'src/shared'</span>),</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果使用typescript的话，我们还需要配置<code>tsconfig.json</code>：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="string">"compilerOptions"</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">"paths"</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">            <span class="string">"shared"</span>: [<span class="string">"src/shared"</span>]</div><div class="line">        &#125;</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这样我们就可以跟长长的路径定位说拜拜了：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 原代码</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123;something&#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'../../../../../shared/something'</span>;</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 配置后</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123;something&#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">'shared/something'</span>;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="开发工具-devtool"><a href="#开发工具-devtool" class="headerlink" title="开发工具(devtool)"></a>开发工具(devtool)</h3><p><strong>此选项控制是否生成，以及如何生成source map。</strong><br>要开启source map，我们还需要安装<code>source-map-loader</code>：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">npm i -D source-map-loader</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>同时添加loader的配置：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="built_in">module</span>.exports = &#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">module</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">rules</span>: [</div><div class="line">      &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">test</span>: <span class="regexp">/\.js$/</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">use</span>: [<span class="string">"source-map-loader"</span>],</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">enforce</span>: <span class="string">"pre"</span></div><div class="line">      &#125;</div><div class="line">    ]</div><div class="line">  &#125;,</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">devtool</span>: <span class="string">'source-map'</span> <span class="comment">// 然后我们就可以开启了</span></div><div class="line">&#125;;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="webpack-dev-server"><a href="#webpack-dev-server" class="headerlink" title="webpack-dev-server"></a>webpack-dev-server</h3><p><code>webpack-dev-server</code>是webpack官方提供的一个小型Express服务器，主要提供两个功能：</p>
<ol>
<li>为静态文件提供服务</li>
<li>自动刷新和热替换(HMR)</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>在实际开发中，<code>webpack-dev-server</code>可以实现以下需求：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>每次修改代码后，webpack可以自动重新打包</strong></li>
<li><strong>浏览器可以响应代码变化并自动刷新</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>一般来说，我们可以通过引入<code>webpack.config.js</code>文件然后调整配置就可以启用了：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// webpackServer.config.js文件</span></div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 生成配置</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> webpack = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'webpack'</span>);</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> path = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'path'</span>); <span class="comment">// 引入node的path库</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> config = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">"./webpack.config.js"</span>); <span class="comment">// 引入webpack.config.js</span></div><div class="line">config.entry.concat([<span class="string">'webpack/hot/dev-server'</span>,</div><div class="line">    <span class="string">'webpack-dev-server/client?http://localhost:3333'</span></div><div class="line">]);</div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">module</span>.exports = config;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后命令行启动：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">webpack-dev-server --config webpackServer.config.js --host <span class="number">0.0</span><span class="number">.0</span><span class="number">.0</span> --port <span class="number">3333</span> --devtool <span class="built_in">eval</span> --progress --colors --hot --content-base dist</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>看着有点长，其实<code>webpack-dev-server --config webpackServer.config.js</code>后面的都是配置，也可以在webpackServer.config.js文件中写入。</p>
<p>常用配置：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>devServer.contentBase</code>: 告诉服务器从哪里提供内容</li>
<li><code>devServer.port</code>(CLI): 指定要监听请求的端口号</li>
<li><code>devServer.host</code>(CLI): 指定使用一个host。默认是localhost</li>
<li><code>devServer.hot</code>： 启用webpack的模块热替换特性</li>
<li><code>devServer.progress</code>(CLI): 将运行进度输出到控制台。</li>
</ul>
<p>其余配置请移步<a href="https://doc.webpack-china.org/configuration/dev-server/" target="_blank" rel="external">官方文档</a>。</p>
<h2 id="前端框架与Webpack"><a href="#前端框架与Webpack" class="headerlink" title="前端框架与Webpack"></a>前端框架与Webpack</h2><hr>
<p>这里本骚年就不一个个讲解了，简单分享几个用过的<code>webpack.config.js</code>配置吧。</p>
<h3 id="Angular1-Webpack"><a href="#Angular1-Webpack" class="headerlink" title="Angular1 + Webpack"></a>Angular1 + Webpack</h3><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> webpack = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'webpack'</span>);</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> CommonsChunkPlugin = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'webpack/lib/optimize/CommonsChunkPlugin'</span>);</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> ExtractTextPlugin = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'extract-text-webpack-plugin'</span>);</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> path = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'path'</span>);</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> config = &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">entry</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">app</span>: [<span class="string">'./app/bootstrap.js'</span>] <span class="comment">// 入口文件</span></div><div class="line">    &#125;,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">output</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">path</span>: path.resolve(__dirname, <span class="string">'app/entry'</span>), <span class="comment">// 编译后文件</span></div><div class="line">        publicPath: <span class="string">'/entry/'</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">filename</span>: <span class="string">'bundle.js'</span> <span class="comment">// 生成文件名</span></div><div class="line">    &#125;,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">module</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">loaders</span>: [&#123;</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">test</span>: <span class="regexp">/\.js$/</span>,</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">loader</span>: <span class="string">'babel-loader'</span>,</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">exclude</span>: <span class="regexp">/node_modules/</span></div><div class="line">        &#125;]</div><div class="line">    &#125;,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">plugins</span>: [</div><div class="line">        <span class="comment">// 使用CommonChunksLoader来提取公共模块</span></div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> CommonsChunkPlugin(&#123;</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">'vendors'</span>,</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">filename</span>: <span class="string">'vendors.js'</span>,</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">minChunks</span>: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">module</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">                <span class="keyword">var</span> userRequest = <span class="built_in">module</span>.userRequest;</div><div class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="keyword">typeof</span> userRequest !== <span class="string">'string'</span>) &#123;</div><div class="line">                    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</div><div class="line">                &#125;</div><div class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> userRequest.indexOf(<span class="string">'node_modules'</span>) &gt;= <span class="number">0</span></div><div class="line">            &#125;</div><div class="line">        &#125;)</div><div class="line">    ]</div><div class="line">&#125;;</div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">module</span>.exports = config;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>教程请移步<a href="https://godbasin.github.io/2017/02/05/angular-free-1-webpack-and-babel-config/">玩转Angular1(1)–webpack/babel环境配置</a>。</p>
<h3 id="React-Webpack"><a href="#React-Webpack" class="headerlink" title="React + Webpack"></a>React + Webpack</h3><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> webpack = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'webpack'</span>);</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> path = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'path'</span>); <span class="comment">//引入node的path库</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> HtmlwebpackPlugin = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'html-webpack-plugin'</span>);</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> config = &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">entry</span>: [<span class="string">'webpack/hot/dev-server'</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="string">'webpack-dev-server/client?http://localhost:3000'</span>,</div><div class="line">        path.resolve(__dirname, <span class="string">'app/index.js'</span>)</div><div class="line">    ], <span class="comment">//入口文件</span></div><div class="line">    output: &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">path</span>: path.resolve(__dirname, <span class="string">'dist'</span>), <span class="comment">// 指定编译后的代码位置为 dist/bundle.js</span></div><div class="line">        filename: <span class="string">'bundle.js'</span></div><div class="line">    &#125;,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">module</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">loaders</span>: [</div><div class="line">            <span class="comment">// 为webpack指定loaders</span></div><div class="line">            &#123;</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">test</span>: <span class="regexp">/\.less$/</span>,</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">loaders</span>: [<span class="string">'style'</span>, <span class="string">'css'</span>, <span class="string">'less'</span>],</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">include</span>: path.resolve(__dirname, <span class="string">'app'</span>)</div><div class="line">            &#125;,</div><div class="line">            &#123;</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">test</span>: <span class="regexp">/\.jsx?$/</span>,</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">loader</span>: <span class="string">'babel-loader'</span>,</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">exclude</span>: <span class="string">'node_modules'</span></div><div class="line">            &#125;</div><div class="line">        ]</div><div class="line">    &#125;,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">plugins</span>: [</div><div class="line">        <span class="comment">// 入口模板文件解析</span></div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> HtmlwebpackPlugin(&#123;</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">title</span>: <span class="string">'React Redux Test'</span>,</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">template</span>: path.resolve(__dirname, <span class="string">'templates/index.ejs'</span>),</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">inject</span>: <span class="string">'body'</span></div><div class="line">        &#125;)</div><div class="line">    ],</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">devtool</span>: <span class="string">'source-map'</span></div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">module</span>.exports = config;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>教程请移步<a href="https://godbasin.github.io/2016/12/24/react-redux-notes-1-build-react-project/">React-Redux使用笔记1–使用webpack搭建React开发环境</a>。</p>
<h3 id="Angular2-Typescript-Webpack"><a href="#Angular2-Typescript-Webpack" class="headerlink" title="Angular2 + Typescript + Webpack"></a>Angular2 + Typescript + Webpack</h3><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div><div class="line">40</div><div class="line">41</div><div class="line">42</div><div class="line">43</div><div class="line">44</div><div class="line">45</div><div class="line">46</div><div class="line">47</div><div class="line">48</div><div class="line">49</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> webpack = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'webpack'</span>);</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> path = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'path'</span>);</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> HtmlwebpackPlugin = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'html-webpack-plugin'</span>);</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> config = &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">entry</span>: [<span class="string">'babel-polyfill'</span>, <span class="string">'./src/bootstrap.ts'</span>],</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">output</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">path</span>: path.resolve(__dirname, <span class="string">'dist'</span>),</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">filename</span>: <span class="string">'./bundle.js'</span></div><div class="line">    &#125;,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">resolve</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">extensions</span>: [<span class="string">'.ts'</span>, <span class="string">'.js'</span>]</div><div class="line">    &#125;,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">module</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">rules</span>: [</div><div class="line">            &#123;</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">test</span>: <span class="regexp">/\.ts$/</span>,</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">use</span>: [<span class="string">"babel-loader"</span>, <span class="string">"ts-loader"</span>, <span class="string">"angular2-template-loader"</span>],</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">exclude</span>: <span class="regexp">/node_modules/</span></div><div class="line">            &#125;,</div><div class="line">            &#123;</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">test</span>: <span class="regexp">/\.(html|css)$/</span>,</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">use</span>: [<span class="string">'raw-loader'</span>],</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">exclude</span>: [path.resolve(__dirname, <span class="string">'src/index.html'</span>)]</div><div class="line">            &#125;,</div><div class="line">            &#123;</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">test</span>: <span class="regexp">/\.async\.(html|css)$/</span>,</div><div class="line">                <span class="attr">loaders</span>: [<span class="string">'file?name=[name].[ext]'</span>]</div><div class="line">            &#125;, &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">test</span>: <span class="regexp">/\.js$/</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">use</span>: [<span class="string">"source-map-loader"</span>],</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">enforce</span>: <span class="string">"pre"</span></div><div class="line">      &#125;]</div><div class="line">    &#125;,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">plugins</span>: [</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> HtmlwebpackPlugin(&#123;</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">template</span>: path.resolve(__dirname, <span class="string">'src/index.html'</span>),</div><div class="line">            <span class="attr">inject</span>: <span class="string">'body'</span></div><div class="line">        &#125;),</div><div class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> webpack.ContextReplacementPlugin(</div><div class="line">            <span class="regexp">/angular(\\|\/)core(\\|\/)@angular/</span>,</div><div class="line">            path.resolve(__dirname, <span class="string">'src'</span>),</div><div class="line">            &#123;&#125;</div><div class="line">        )</div><div class="line">    ],</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">devtool</span>: <span class="string">'source-map'</span></div><div class="line">&#125;;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">module</span>.exports = config;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>教程…敬请期待。</p>
<h2 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" title="结束语"></a>结束语</h2><hr>
<p>很可惜，当时玩Vue本骚年是用的<code>vue-cli</code>，所以这里没有Vue相关的代码。不过经过上面的讲解以及课后的练习，相信你一定可以搭建自己想要的应用。<br>Webpack的资源很多，而深入理解的你也能去开发自己想要的loader或是插件的，多了解多尝试总是很棒的。</p>
  
		
		<p style="margin-top:50px;">
			查看Github有更多内容噢：<a href="https://github.com/godbasin">https://github.com/godbasin</a>
			<br>
			更欢迎来<a href="https://godbasin.github.io/front-end-playground">被删的前端游乐场</a>边撸猫边学前端噢
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	<img src="https://github-imglib-1255459943.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/2code2.jpg" width="200" height="200" style="display:block;margin: 0 auto;" />
	<p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;">码生艰难，写文不易，给我家猪囤点猫粮了喵~</p>
	<div class="author-right">
  		<p>作者：被删</p>
  		<p>出处：<a href="https://godbasin.github.io">https://godbasin.github.io</a></p>
  		<p>本文版权归作者所有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。</p>
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  <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Hello-Webpack"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Hello Webpack</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#初始Webpack"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">初始Webpack</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#入口-entry"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">入口(entry)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#出口-output"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">出口(output)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#loader"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">loader</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#插件-plugins"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">插件(plugins)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#解析-resolve"><span class="toc-number">1.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">解析(resolve)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#开发工具-devtool"><span class="toc-number">1.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">开发工具(devtool)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#webpack-dev-server"><span class="toc-number">1.8.</span> <span class="toc-text">webpack-dev-server</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#前端框架与Webpack"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">前端框架与Webpack</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Angular1-Webpack"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Angular1 + Webpack</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#React-Webpack"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">React + Webpack</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#Angular2-Typescript-Webpack"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">Angular2 + Typescript + Webpack</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
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